故宫导游词英文
故宫导游词英文【1】
ladies and gentlemen:
you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city.
now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden .
the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east.
this hall was built during the ming dynasty.
it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .
the hall is surrounded by corridors.
in front of the hall is the office of privy council.
before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors.
emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .
for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .
you can have a look at the inside from the door.
the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation.
the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs.
the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas.
on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume.
in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) .
the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor .
a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .
empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province.
she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china.
when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city.
she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year.
when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager.
in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years.
she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73.
it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .
in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi.
they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .
the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.
behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .
three of them actually passed away here.
the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines.
now let` s continue with our tour.
it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.
route b
(inside the hall of heavenly purity)
ladies and gentlemen:
we are now entering the inner court.
from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .
the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty.
there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .
in the center of the hall there a throne.
above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty.
beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .
instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque.
the box was opened only after the emperor passed away.
altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.
the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties.
according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members.
foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period.
two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here.
all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.
this hall was also used for mourning services.
(inside the palace of union and peace)
this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .
it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798.
the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .
you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong.
a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .
above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling.
the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.
in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .
no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor.
on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.
(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)
this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived.
during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .
the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.
route c
ladies and gentlemen:
you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city.
now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route.
the first is the treasure hall.
this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith.
this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication.
nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous.
this tower is 1.
53meters in height and its base is 0.
53 meters in circumference .
it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother.
there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here.
yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty.
under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river.
this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china.
this mat was woven with peeled ivory.
these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.
(in front of the nine-dragon screen)
this is the nine-dragon relief screen .
erected in 1773,it is 3.
5 meters in height and 29.
4 meters in width.
underneath is a foundation made of marble .
the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea.
it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea.
it was meant to ward off evil spirits .
the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .
the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles.
interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood.
it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .
emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .
using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection.
later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.
(approaching the imperial garden)
there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall.
positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west.
the hall sits on a marble pedestal.
the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis.
taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty.
in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .
in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines.
to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill.
this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty.
behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden.
there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .
it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.
7 percent of the forbidden city.
most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged .
however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration.
woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.
故宫导游词英文【2】
Hello, everyone,
We are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest.
This scenic spot is located at the center of Beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces.
This is the world – famous wonder – the Palace Museum.
The Palace Museum has served as the royal residence during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
It was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years.
The Palace Museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout Beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is Beihai(North Sea) Park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake; to the west is the Zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the the Wangfujing Shopping Street; and to the north id Jinshan Park.
Standing in the Wanchun (Everlasting Spring) Pavilion at the top of Jingshan(Charcoal Hill) Park, you overlook the skyline of the palace Museum.
At the southern end of the palace is Tian` anmen (Gate of Heavenly Peace) and the famous square named after it .
This is the symbol of the People` s Republic of China.
A world-famous historical site, the Palace Museum is on the World Heritage List of UNESCO and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.
The Palace Museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area .
It has 9000-strong rooms in it .
According to legend there are 9999.
5 room-units in all .
The whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian Gate in the south ,the Gate of Military Prowess in the north, Donghua(Eastern Flowery ) Gate in the north, Donghua ( Eastern Flowery) Gate in the east and Xihua(Western Flowery ) Gate in the west.
On each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge .
Encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the Palace Museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.
The Palace Museum was made a center of rule during the Ming Dynasty by Zhun Di, The fourth son of the founding emperor Zhuyuanzhang.
The whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from Yongding (Forever Stable) Gate in the south to Gulou (Drum Tower) in the north.
Prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them .
The construction of the Palace Museum involved manpower and resources across China.
For example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as “gold brick, ” underwent complex, two –dozen processes.
As the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in Chinese wood oil.
Involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.
” The Palace Museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to China` s ancient architecture.
It reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the Chinese working people.
A carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the Palace Museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.
What we are now approaching is the main entrance to the Palace Museum-the Meridian Gate, which is
characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves.
On top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves.
On top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center.
The main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units.
It is flanked by two wings on each side .
The wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles.
All of these structures are connected by a colonnade.
Because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou (Five-phoenix Tower) .
Inside the main hall there is a throne.
Drums and bells were stored in the wings.
Whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the Hall of Upreme Harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.
As the legend goes, the Meridian Gate used to be a place where condemned ranking officials would be executed.
This not true.
However, flogging was carried out here by the Ming emperors ,If a courtier falls afoul of the emperor, he would be stripped of his court dress and flogging with a stick .
At one point the punishment became so harsh that a total of 11 people died from fatal wound on a single occasion .
On the other hand, this building was also used to observe important occasions like the traditional Chinese Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month).
On these occasions, Chinese lanterns would be hanged and sumptuous banquets would be given in honour of the whole court of ministers and other ranking officials.
Upon entering the Meridian Gate we began our tour of the Palace Museum.
The river foowing in front of us is known as Jin Shui He (Golden Water River) and the five marbles bridges spanning it are known as the Inner Golden Water Bridges.
The on in the middle was used exclusive by the emperor and its banisters were carved with dragon and phoenix designs.
The bridges flanking the imperial one were reserved for princes and other royal members.
The rest were used by palatines.
Aside from decoration, the golden Water River was also dug as precaution against fire.
Most of the structures within the palace Museum are made of wood.
What is more ,according to ancient Chinese cosmology, the South is the abode of fire, so this brook was dug on the southern tip of the Palace.
In this way, the Palace Museum reflects traditional Chinese culture.
This building is called the Gate of Supreme Harmony .
In the foreground stand two bronze lions.
Can anybody tell which is male and which is female? The one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity.
The other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female? The one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity.
The other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female, representing prosperity the endless succession.
A layout of the Palace Museum is posted by the entrance .
From it ,you can see that the Palace Museum has two main parts: the forecourt and the inner court.
The three main halls constitute the mainstay of the forecourt, and it was here that the emperor announced decisions and observed rites.
Behind the forecourt there is the inner court, consisting of major halls and the Imperial Garden .
It was where the emperor attended state affairs, lived and enjoyed his luxurious life.
The exhibition system of the Palace Museum involves historical court relics and articles of ancient art and culture.
The Palace Museum houses nearly one million articles of rare treasure, or one sixth of the total number in all of China `s museums.
There are the three main halls of the Palace museum, built on a triple marble terrace .
Since most of China `s architecture is made of wood, the buildings cannot be too tall.
To gain the height of the architecture, ingenious ancient artisans built the hall on a gigantic stone terrace .
It is also to this
end that not a single plant was grown in the square.
On stairways of triple marble terrace there are 18 bronze tripods .
The verandah is flanked by bronze tortoises and cranes, which served as symbols of longevity .
On the east is a sundial, an ancient timepiece.
On the west there is a grain measure suggesting that the emperor was just and equitable.
In the front and on each flank ,there is a pair of gilt bronze vats (caldrons ) molded during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty .
Each of these weights 2 tons and is filled with water as a precaution in the event of a fire .
The structure in the very middle is the Hall of Supreme Harmony ,also known as the throne hall.
It is 64 meters in width and is 38 meters from entrance to rear.
With terrace exclusive ,the hall is 26.
92 meters in height and is 35.
03 meters in all .
Covering and areaof 2,377 square meters, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is China` s largest exiting wooden structure.
The hall is supported by 6 thick ,round pillars carved in a design of coiling dragons.
As the holiest place in the hall, the ceiling and colored patterns were made of the finest material available at that time.
The throne was placed on a terrace and is flanked by statues of elephants, Luduan (a unicorn which could travel 18,000 kilometers a day and understand all languages), cranes and incense barrels .
Over the throne there is the caisson ,or covered ceiling ,which consists of a coiling dragon playing with a ball in its mouth .
This ball is known as Xuanyuan Mirror ,and was supposedly made by a Chinese emperor of remote times to serve as a reminder that thee rulers to follow were his hereditary heirs.
The throne is made of nanmu and painted in gold .
Magnificently built and luxuriously decorated ,this hall did not serve as a place in which the emperor attended to daily affairs.
He used his hall for major events such as his birthday, conferral of title of empress or dispatch of generals to war.
Behind the Hall of Supreme Harmony ,there sits the Hall of Complete Harmony.
This structure is square in shape .
Each side is 24.
15 meters.
This was the place where the emperor relaxed and greeted his courtiers before proceeding to the hall of supreme Harmony to observe rites.
This was also the place where the emperor prepared prayers or examined seeds and sowers before he attended ancestral sacrifices or participated in snowing ceremonies.
A grand ceremony was also held here once every 10 years for the emperor to genealogize the royal blood.
There are two sedan chairs on display in the hall.
Behind the Hall of Complete Harmony ,you will see the Hall of Preserving Harmony, which was used as a place where imperial examinations were held.
The imperial examination was the hignest level of competing for meritorious appointment under the feudal system dating back to the Sui Dynasty.
China` s last imperial examination was held in 1904 during the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty.
To the rear of hall there is a marble ramp carved with cloud and dragon designs, the largest of its kind in the whole country .
It is 16.
57 meters in length, 3.
07 meters in width, 1.
7 meters thick and weighs 250 tons.
It was quarried in Fangshan County in suburban Beijing.
To bring this giant piece of stone to Beijing people poured water onto the road and applied rolling blocks during the process.
We are now standing before the square of the Hall of Heaven Purity.
It served as a divide separating the forecourt from the inner court .
This building is known as the Gate of Heavenly Purity.
Emperor Qianlong held court here.
Proceeding further north ,you can find three main rear halls ,i.
e.
the hall of heavenly purity.
the Hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility.
The hall of heavenly purity if flanked on either side by two gates named after the sun and moon .
Inside the enclosure there are 12 palaces and halls symbolizing constellations.
All of the other buildings are centered around the Palace of Heavenly Purity , which was meant to suggest that the monarch` s power was endowed by Heaven.
The empress and concubines lived in the inner court.
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