长城导游词中英文
长城导游词中英文
北京长城英文导游词【1】
The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal(1) in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon(2), is one of the great wonders of the world.
Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China.
The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces-Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu--and two autonomous regions--Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.
Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C.during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu.
Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C.when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges.
Walls, then, were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments.
Later in 221 B.C., when Qin conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall.
As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC--1644 BC.
), which went to ruin through years of neglect.
In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall.
The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368--1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks.
it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today.
The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line.
The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average.
In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks.
The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors.
The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast.
There are ramparts, embrasures, peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet walk.
Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals.
The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers.
The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven".
The view from the top is rewarding, hoverer.
The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge with distant haze.
A signal system formerly existed that served to communicate military information to the dynastic capital.
This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall.
At the approach of enemy troops, smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at night.
八达岭长城中英文对照导游词【2】
各位游客，现在我们的汽车正行驶在八达岭高速公路上，马上就要进入即将参观的八达岭景区。
前面的那座山就是军都山，八达岭长城就盘踞在这座山上。
在春秋战国时期，我国古代人民就已经开始修建长城了，那个时候诸侯争霸，为了保护自己的领地不被侵犯，所以在各自的边界上纷纷修筑了长城，叫做互防长城。
而我国曾经出现了三个修筑长城的高峰，分别是秦长城，汉长城，明长城。
秦始皇在公元前221年统一中原，建立了秦王朝，为了加强统治，防御北方游牧民族的入侵，所以派大将蒙恬30万军队和很多劳力将原来北方的燕、赵、秦长城连了起来，并加以扩充，历时9年修筑了一条西起临洮东到辽东绵延万里的长城，这也就是中国历史上第一道万里长城。
到了汉朝，汉武帝也是为了加强防御，“不叫胡马度阴山”，修筑了一条近两万里的长城，同时这也保护了新开发的丝绸之路，汉长城是秦长城的一道前沿阵地和防线，它西起新疆，东到辽东，是中国历史上修筑长城最长的朝代。
而明长城则是中国历史上修筑长城的最高峰，工程之大，技术之精是独一无二的。
当年朱元璋在统一全国建立明王朝的过程中，采纳了“高筑墙，广积粮，缓称王”的建议。
当时元朝虽然已经灭亡，但是还保持着比较完整的军事实力，加上逐渐崛起的女真族的不断侵扰，所以开始修筑长城。
明朝大规模修筑长城达到了18次之多，到了明朝末年才基本完工，东起辽宁丹东鸭绿江边的虎山，西到甘肃嘉峪关的明长城全长6350公里。
明长城具备三个特点，筑构完备，管理完善，布局严密。
而我们今天所看到的八达岭长城就是明长城的一部分。
而长城在我国古代最原始的目的虽然是防御，但是它同时还起到了其他的作用。
第一就是军事作用，第二则是经济作用，它不仅促进了屯田的开发和北疆经济的发展，而且也是中原的百姓安居乐业，第三是促进了各民族的融合。
此外，它还保护了通讯和促进了对外开放。
值得一提的是，在我国古代，不仅仅只有这三次修筑长城的经历，据统计，在上下两千年里，先后有20多个诸侯国和封建王朝都修建过长城，有人做过粗略的计算，如果将长城改建成一道高5米，厚1米的大墙，绕地球10圈儿多都有富裕。
著名的民间传说：烽火戏诸侯和孟姜女哭长城也是发生在万里长城上的。
如今，长城在经过几次修整之后，基本恢复了以往的面貌，在1987年被联合国教科文组织列入《世界文化遗产名录》，而且它还是当今世界上畛さ姆烙?猿乔剑”椴剂宋夜?6个地区，全长达到了10。
8万里。
刚才我们所经过的路，就位于关沟中。
关沟是燕山山脉和军都山山脉的交会处，南起昌平区南口镇，西北到延庆县八达岭长城的城关，全长40里。
是中原地区通往西北高原的咽喉要道。
明代在这里布置了四道防线，分别是南口关，居庸关，上关，八达岭。
在关沟中的叠翠山上，曾有金代著名的燕京八景之一：居庸叠翠，可惜现在景观已经不复存在了。
刚才我们所看到的那条铁路就是由我们中国人自己设计建造的第一条铁路，由詹天佑设计的京张铁路。
因为八达岭地区地势复杂，技术难点很多，所以詹天佑所设计的人字型铁路，成功解决了车不能直接爬坡和转弯的难题，而打通长达1091米的隧道也令中外人士叹服。
现在在青龙桥火车站树立的铜像就是詹天佑的，还有纪念碑。
关沟因为居庸关而著名，我们可以看到前面宏伟的建筑就是居庸关，它的名字起源于秦朝，以秦始皇迁徙“庸徒”在这里居住所以得名。
在关内，有一个著名的汉白玉石台，就是云台。
它是元代的一坐过街塔，上边原来有三座藏式佛塔，在后来的地震中毁坏了。
明代又在原处]建立了泰安寺，而在康熙年间又被毁了，只留下现在我们所看到的柱础和望柱。
云台的面积有310平方米台下的券门上刻有狮、象、四不象、金翅鸟等浮雕，分别代表了佛教密宗五方五佛的座骑，还有天龙八部护法天神的浮雕。
内壁上还有四大天王浮雕和神兽图案，券顶上还布满了曼陀罗的图样，花中刻有佛像，共2215尊。
还有六种文字镌刻的《陀罗尼经咒》和《造塔功德记》，这些都是元代的艺术精品，具有很高的艺术价值。
八达岭长城是明长城中的`杰出代表，因为这里四通八达，故成为八达岭。
可能大家会问，为什么要讲长城修筑在这里?其实这主要是因为八达岭地区重要的地理位置。
它不仅守卫着明皇陵，而且也是京师的西北大门。
八达岭长城是历史上许多重大事件的见证，例如萧太后巡幸，元太祖入关，慈禧太后西逃等等，八达岭都是毕竟之路。
说到这里，还有一个故事要讲给大家：位于关城东门路旁，有一块巨石，传说在1900年八国联军攻入北京，慈禧在西逃的途中经过这里，曾经站在这块石头上回望京城，所以这块石头也就被叫做望京石。
但现在这块石头已经不那么突出了。
有一句话大家一定都知道：不到长城非好汉。
刚才介绍了那么多景观，您一定急切的想来到景区游览一番，不用着急，马上您也要成为好汉了。
好，这里就是著名的八达岭长城远处是壮丽的景色，而往下看就是长城重要的组成部分翁城，他一般都修建在地形险要的交通要道上。
翁城两门之间相距63.
9米，西门匾额：北门锁钥，我在前面已经讲过了。
东门的匾额为：居庸外镇，意思是居庸关外又一重镇。
现在我们向右下放看，在登城口的南侧陈列着一门大炮，名为：神威大将军。
是崇祯年间制造的。
八达岭长城有三台两墙组成，什么是三台两墙呢?现在就让我给大家来解释一下，三台分别是城台，敌台，其中城台构造的非常简单，只是驻守的官兵避风寒的地方。
那敌台的构造相对就要复杂一些，分为两层，下层是由田，井，回，等字形组成，上层有垛口和望孔是观察军情和射箭用的，所以这里也具有防御敌人的功能。
下面就到了烽火台，又叫烽燧，狼烟台。
是不和长城相连的独立建筑。
一旦敌人来犯，就点燃烽火通报军情，古人奖白天点燃的烟叫做烽，晚上的叫做燧。
明朝的时候，还对烽火与敌人的关系作了严格的规定：敌人百余个，燃一烟点一炮;五白人，燃两烟点两炮;千人以上，三烟三炮;五千人以上，四烟四炮;万人以上，五烟五炮。
就通过这种方式，在边关的军情能够飞速的传递到皇城大内。
说完了三台，下面就来说一下两墙。
长城外侧的高墙叫做牒墙，有垛口是用来防御敌人的。
而内侧不足一米高的则叫作女儿墙，也叫做宇墙。
在最开始长城内侧是没有女儿墙的，可是经常有人会跌下山崖，所以就修建了这道墙。
在长城墙根的地方每隔不远就有一个小水沟，雨天的时候由吐水嘴向外排水，以免水冲刷城墙。
而长城的墙体里面使用石头块铸成的，外边砌上砖，再在上面铺上石板，从而使建筑非常牢固!
Badaling Great Wall
Members tourists, and now our car is driving on the Badaling Expressway, the soon to enter the forthcoming visit of Badaling scenic.
In front of the mountain is the military are mountains, Badaling Great Wall on entrenched in this mountain.
In the Spring and Autumn period, China's ancient people had already started to build the Great Wall, that when the princes hegemony, in order to protect their territory from being violated, so their borders have built the Great Wall, called each other against the Great Wall.
In China, there have been a three peaks of the Great Wall built, namely, the Qin Great Wall, Han Great Wall, Ming Great Wall.
In 221 BC, Qin Shi Huang unified the Central Plains and established the Qin Dynasty, in order to strengthen the rule of the defense of the invasion of the northern nomads, so sending generals Mengtian 300,000 troops and a lot of labor to the original north Yan, Zhao and Qin Great Wall, even up, and be expanded, which lasted nine years, built a west Lintao stretching thousands of miles east to Liaodong the Great Wall, which is the first Great Wall in Chinese history.
To the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu also to strengthen the defense, the "degree of non-Jiao Hu Ma Yin Mountains", the construction of a nearly two thousands of miles of the Great Wall, which also protects the newly developed Silk Road, Han Dynasty Great Wall in the Qin Great Wall is a cutting-edge positions and defensive line, which the west in Xinjiang, the east to Liaodong, the history of China's longest dynasties built the Great Wall.
The Ming Great Wall is China's history, the peak of the Great Wall built, works great, refined technology is unique.
That year the emperor unified the country to establish the Ming Dynasty in the process of adopting a "high building the wall, wide grain, slow kings" proposal.
Although the Yuan dynasty has been destroyed at that time, but has maintained a relatively complete military strength, coupled with the gradual rise of the Jurchen constant harassment, it began building the Great Wall.
A large-scale construction of the Ming Dynasty Great Wall has reached 18 times, to the Ming dynasty was basically completed, the east side of Tiger Mountain, Liaoning Dandong Yalu River, west to Jiayuguan in Gansu length of 6350 kilometers of Ming Great Wall.
Ming Great Wall has three features, building structure is complete, well-managed, layout tight.
Today, as we have seen the Great Wall of Badaling Great Wall is the next part of it.
The Great Wall in ancient China, although the original purpose of defense, but it also played a role in the other.
The first is the military role, and the second is the economic role, not only promoted the development of Mita and northern economic development, but also the Central Plains people live and work, the third is to promote the integration of various nationalities.
In addition, it protects the communication and promotion of the opening.
It is worth mentioning that in ancient China, not just the experience of these three built the Great Wall, according to statistics, in the bottom two thousand years, there have been more than 20 countries and the feudal vassal dynasties have built over the Great Wall, it was made a rough calculation of , if the Great Wall turned into a high 5 meters, 1 meter thick walls, around the circle the Earth more than 10 are off.
Well-known folk tales: the flames of drama, and Meng Jiangnu crying princes also took place in the Great Wall on the Great Wall.
Now, after finishing the Great Wall after a few basic resumed previous appearance in 1987 was listed by UNESCO as "World Heritage List," and it is in the world today Zhenさbranded ? Monkey Joe Beam Sword "Tilia Agent Song Night? six regions, full-length reached 10.
8 thousands of miles.
Just now we are through the road is located off ditch.
Closed groove is the Yanshan Mountains and the military are Mountains intersect, south from the South Town, Changping District, Yanqing County, northwest of the Badaling Great Wall Chengguan length of 40 years.
Is the Central Plains region of the throat arteries leading to the northwest plateau.
The Ming Dynasty in the deployment of four lines of defense, namely, South Side, off, Juyongguan, the customs, Badaling.
In the trench in the Emerald off the mountain, there was gold on behalf of one of the famous eight scenic wonders of the Yenching: Guyan Emerald Unfortunately, the landscape no longer exists.
We have just seen that railway is the Chinese people by our own designed and built the first railway designed by Beijing-Zhang Zhan Tianyou rail.
Because of the complex topography of the Badaling area, technical difficulties, so it designed by Zhan Tianyou herringbone railway, successfully resolved the car can not be directly climbing and turning-related problems and get through up to 1091 meters of the tunnel also makes people gasp in admiration abroad .
Now establish the Tsing Lung Bridge railway station is a bronze statue of Zhan Tianyou, and there are monuments.
Guan ditch because of Juyongguan known, we can see in front of the building is magnificent Juyongguan, its name originated in the Qin Dynasty to Emperor of movement, "Yong-believers" to live here, so its name.
In the off period, there is a well-known white marble Shitai is PTZ.
It is one of the Yuan Dynasty ridden street tower, above that there are three Tibetan-style pagoda, in the subsequent earthquake destroyed.
Ming again in situ] established the Tai-ji, while in the Kangxi reign has been destroyed, leaving only now we have seen, column bases and column look.
PTZ an area of 310 square meters, with a coupon off the stage door engraved with lions, elephants, Sibu Xiang, Garuda and other relief, representing the Buddhist Tantric Buddha's throne five-five, as well as Tian Long Ba Bu law-enforcement relief gods.
There are four kings on the inner wall reliefs and sacred animal patterns, coupons on top was also covered with mandala patterns are flowers engraved with Buddha statues, a total of 2215.
There are six kinds of text engraved the "Dharani Jing Zhou" and "build towers merit in mind", these are works of art in the Yuan Dynasty, with a high artistic value.
Ming Great Wall in Badaling Great Wall is an outstanding representative, because this is easily accessible, it becomes Badaling.
You may ask, why talk about the Great Wall built here? In fact, this was mainly due to the Badaling region's key geographical location.
It is not only guarding the Ming Tombs, but also the capital of the north-west door.
Badaling Great Wall is the witness of many historical events, such as the Empress Dowager Xiao Xun Xing, Yuan Taizu into the customs, the Empress Dowager Cixi fled west, etc.
, the Badaling is the road after all.
Having said that, there is a story to tell you: East Gate is located off the city street, there is a rock legend in 1900, Eight-scored in Beijing, Empress in the West to escape the way through here, who stood stone Looking back on the capital, so this piece of stone also called Wangjing stone.
But now this piece of stone has not been so impressive.
There is a saying, we must all know: Less than the Great Wall of non-hero.
Has just introduced so many landscapes, you must be eager to come to visit some scenic spots, do not worry, soon you must become a hero.
Well, here is the famous Badaling Great Wall, the distance is the magnificent scenery, but look down the Great Wall is an important part of Weng city, he built the terrain is generally advantageous to Road Transport.
Wengcheng 63.
9 meters distance between the two, Simon plaque: North Gate lock and key, I have already talked about.
East Gate of the plaque as follows: Guyan outside the town, which means another town outside Juyongguan.
Now we delegate the right to see, at the mouth of the south side of the city board display with a cannon, named: Shenwei Great General.
Yes Chongzhen manufactured.
Badaling Great Wall, there are three two walls composed of two walls do what is three? Now let me explain to you, three are city units, enemy units, of which the city sets a very simple structure, but the officers and men stationed in sheltered cold place.
That enemy units is necessary to complex the structure is relatively divided into two layers, the lower from the field, wells, back, and so shape the composition of the upper hole with Embrasure and hope to observe military and archery use, so there is also a defensive function .
Here's to the beacon tower, known as Feng Sui, wolves Yantai.
Are not connected to the independence and building the Great Wall.
Once the enemy attacks, the military briefing on the ignition flame, lit cigarette during the day award the ancients called Feng night called sui.
When the Ming Dynasty, but also on the relationship between the flames and the enemy were strict rules: one hundred enemies, burning a smoke point of a gun; five whites, two guns fired two smoke point; thousand more than three cigarettes three guns; 5000 or more, four smoke four guns; million people in more than five cigarettes five guns.
On this way, at the border of the military be able to rapidly transfer to the Imperial Ouchi.
Finished the three, the following is what the two walls.
The outer wall of the Great Wall called the dispatch wall, there is Embrasure is used to defense the enemy.
The inside is less than one meter high called the parapet, also known as Yu wall.
In the beginning there is no parapet of the inside of the Great Wall, but often people would fall off a cliff, so we built this wall.
In the Great Wall where every foot of the wall not far from there is a small ditch, when the rain Tap spit out by the drainage, so water-washed walls.
The Great Wall, the wall which blocks the use of cast stone, and outside the puzzle on the bricks, stone slabs on top again, so that the construction is very strong!
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