北京长城英语导游词
北京长城英语导游词
北京长城英语导游词【1】
北京慕田峪长城英文导游词
Each visitor:
How are you, welcome you to Peking to travel, I am your guide DAVID.
The Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall tour niche keeps in mind soft area in Peking City inshore, its history is long, culture brilliant.
Researching according to the cultural heritage is clear beginning the under charge great commander of Zhu Yuan Zhang slowly reach in the north together to set up on Du of the Great Wall ruins but become.
The Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall is reviewed to 16 one of the viewses in new Peking in 1987, in 1992 be reviewed to travel for Peking a world most.
2002 is reviewed for the 4 A class scenic area, in 2011 drive review for the country 5 A class in the house tour view area, is the great wall of essence place.
The Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall the history is long, culture is brilliant, be apart from city 73 kilometers in Peking, one of famous Peking the Great Wall tourist spots, the essence place of Ming Dynasty the Great Wall.
The Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall constructs to have a special style, three enemy's buildings combine Chu one just closing of the set Taiwan, is rare Great Wall.
The northwest side has already been so called the Great Wall view crunodes such as"cow Ji Cape side", "the arrows buttons up" and"the eagle flies to pour Yang" etc.
, its power steep Zheng Rong, rise and fall continuous, fly high such as the Ultrasaurus.
In spring, the beautiful flowers contends for Yan, the mountain spends lousy Man;In summer, the full mountain is beautifully green, flowing water Chan Chan;Autumn, maple leaf Man mountain, the fruit is clusters of;Winter, white snow Ai Ai, the silver packs a vegetable to bind, one parties northland scene, at Chinese and Foreign possess the good reputation of "the great wall Mu farmland the Yu only show".
The Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall is located in Peking City to keep in mind soft area inshore, be apart from city area 73 kilometers in Peking.
Its history is long, culture is brilliant, at Chinese and Foreign possess the good reputation of "the great wall, the Mu farmland Yu only shows".
The view mountain inside the area folds Zhang, vegetation overlay leads up to above 90%.
All of the Great Walls grows 5400 meters, is China the Great Wall that grow most currently, is also 16 one of the viewses in famous Peking, national AAAAA class tour area.
The Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall is the great wall in 1368 A.
D.
slowly reached in the north together by the under charge great commander of Zhu Yuan Zhang to set up but become on Du of ruins, Ming Dynasty the great wall of essence place.
This Great Wall east connects ancient north, the west connected to reside a Yong pass, from time immemorial was the military strategic area that garrisons city Ji, closing Taiwan, big Cape building and eagle to fly to pour famous views like Yang,etc, the Great Wall wall body kept complete and a little bit well embodied the Great Wall thou rhyme.
Establish domestic to top-gradely ascend city cable car in the view area, developing China dream Shih-cheng and must slip one items like way,etc and formed the Great Wall culture, stone culture and athletics workout amusement of organic combine.
Plum hero of prime minister before being British, American former president Clinton waited many foreign masterminds to once arrive the Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall to make sight-seeing trip a tour.
The Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall more sets up a steep precipice the side is in the outside side and depend on mountain certainly, with insurance make E.
The wall body is 78 meters in height, the wall crest breadth is 45 meters, constructs material with flower Gang stone is lord, impressive-looking hard.
The Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall, the wall takes over both sideses to all set up short wall Duo, can the both sides resist the enemy, outside side still scoop out have already blocked Ma Keng, make to defendoof function Be getting more perfect, this is one great characteristics.
The double of the Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall wall crest sides all build to grow about 5 Chinese feet and thick one Chinese foot many, 2 Chinese foot enough to spares in height of Duo.
The Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall closes the door two sides is follow mountain lodge and rise, with the mountain power is inside out.
The Duo rectangular that isn't an openings in these districts, but assume teeth of a saw-like in shape.
Shoot hole to build in the Duo of under, it isn't a circular bore, but the coping presents Hu-like in shape square bore.
The hazardous place still fixs fort.
Still set up "pay city" on the Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall.
So-called"pay city", be in the Great Wall outside the side has Gao Ji Shan the place of the beam and create unexpected complications a ground of agreeable mountain beam again to fix a Great Wall, length several rices arrive several ten meters not etc.
, and build enemy's building here, the native son is called "haft building".
The Ming Dynasty all added to fix a Duo in two sides of wall crest while rebuilding the Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall and also lately established to roll the wood stone thunder stone bore at the same time, canning offend could guard.
But construct "haft building", can control to make Gao Dian and reduce the threat to the lord city.
The Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall from is closing the left side of the set to rise, with mountain power inside out, rush toward the afar.
The Great Wall from the halfway up a hill keep stretching summit of hill, sign one in the summit of hill enemy building after, suddenly descend again, turn over a body to return to halfway up a hill downward, suddenly rise again, until the place of elevation more than 940 rices, round a greatly curved, its shape very much resembling cow Ji Cape, Cang strength male Hun, people calls it it as"cow Ji Cape side".
The Great Wall extends before continuing into from"cow Ji Cape side", through a place that nameds "the arrows buttons up", here is the mountain peak of elevation 1044 meters already, two sides are steep if pare.
While constructing the Great Wall, have to break to pass in the precipice cliff from the outside side of hilltop, can not leave Gao Dian of this system in the outside again, use a brick, timber all obviously don't go.
Hence cleverness of ability the work clever artisans, use two big iron beam load at break a precipice on, top again Lei lay bricks stone, this method's building a history in the whole Great Wall top is extremely rare.
At the Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall eastern side, the Great Wall was originally an agreeable mountain to certainly stretch toward the northeast.
But arrive one enemy building place the district that suddenly divide about more than 1000 rices, another the path opening up Xi put toward the southeast direction, the mountain certainly exerts place and suddenly terminates, and it is very hard impressive-looking enemy's building to fix one in the end.
The Great Wall of this thousand odd rice is called that it is "bald tail side" by people.
This Great Wall just here formed three Great walls Be remitted to the first floor, the view of "three noodles pole eyes view Ultrasaurus".
Two sides in the Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall"cow Ji Cape side" there is a Great Wall being called "the arrows buttons up" and"the eagle flies to pour Yang".
All of the wall body sets up the precipice that bares in the rock up, the slope of the Great Wall is mostly about 50 degrees, have a section to approach 90 degrees among them, several near perpendicular, the step only has a few Chinese feet breadth, not- brave don't dare to set foot in.
The Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall constructs to have a special style, here enemy's building is intensive, close Ai is hazardous, city two sides all have a Duo.
The southeast side has three enemy's buildings combine Chu one just closing of the set Taiwan, is rare Great Wall, the northwest side has already set up is more than 1000 rices at the elevation, the Yue"cow Ji Cape side" pares with set up in the knife general mountain peak up, be called the Great Wall of "the arrows buttons up" and"the eagle flies to pour Yang", it power steep Zheng Rong, the whole Great Wall depend on mountain power, rise and fall continuous, such as the Ultrasaurus fly high.
The Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall tour areas mountain encircles, the scenery is beautiful.
In spring, the beautiful flowers contends for Yan, the mountain spends lousy Man;In summer, the full mountain is beautifully green, flowing water Chan Chan;Autumn, maple leaf Man mountain, the fruit is clusters of;Winter, white snow Ai Ai, the silver packs a vegetable to bind, one parties northland scene, at Chinese and Foreign possess the good reputation of "the great wall Mu farmland the Yu only show".
The Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall tour facilities inside the area is ready, the function is perfect, can provide all-directions service for visitor.
Establish to ascend city cable car inside the view area, circulate system all automations, while embarking safety, comfort, fast, there is the United States of"the great wall first cable car" calling;The Great Wall country villa locates at in the Great Wall foot, it constructs the style as in the style of antique type buildings, the courtyard is ancient plain cultured, the air is delightfully fresh, and the landscape is pleasant.
2000 drive review to two star class guest house.
Can accept the board and lodging of 200 people at the same time.
The Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall tour contents is abundant, set up "China dream Shih-cheng" and"must" slippery way.
"China dream Shih-cheng" constellated the strange stone exquisite article from the whole whole country.
Must slip a way to be so called "dry land sled", breathtaking stimulate, old little all proper.
Make to the Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall travel the visitor of the area, can the number visit on the first.
The Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall tour area the transportation is convenient.
867 roads(original 936 roads) that arrives the Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall from city area in Peking travel special line car, everyday morning 7:00, 8:30 keep a hair car to go directly to view area from the east.
Embark an aero visitor, from airport in the capital city arrive to keep in mind soft city area to face a guest through airtight road in the city to the north north wreath island face west, go to the area of traveling.
From drive of the visitor is accepted high-speed road by the downtown city, the high speed in 13 numbers export, follow view area the signpost drive to arrive view area.
The Mu farmland Yu tour area with his/her beautiful landscape, superior quality of service, impressive-looking Great Wall, welcome your to!
From drive to go car circuit sketch map
1, ticket price:
The Great Wall admission ticket adult:45 dollars student:25 dollars
The city cable car ticket price is:Adult's round-trip is 80 dollars|person, adult's one way is 60 dollars|person, child's round-trip is 40 dollars|person, child's one way is 30 dollars|person.
Must slip a ticket price BE:Adult's round-trip is 80 dollars|person, child's round-trip is 50 dollars|person, the one way cableway is 50 dollars|person, the one way slips a way 60 dollars|person.
Note:70-year-old old man with old-age certificate, soldier with soldier certificate half-price.
2, transportation route
1)multiply by east to keep 936 road buses in the door(keeping in mind is soft-Mu farmland Yu)
2)from the motoring:Airport high speed-the north Gao export-city while on the way-open a wreath island to turn to the left-the traffic lights turn to the right-the second traffic lights turn to the left-face guest road north the wreath island keep road in the line-youth north the wreath island keep farmland Yu the Great Wall in line-Mu
3, the Great Wall country villa(two star classes) retail sales price:180 dollars|, in the Great Wall country villa for the meal accommodation, the admission ticket can enjoy a 30% discount special discount.
Contact a telephone:61626395
4, contact a way
Telephone:010-6162650561626022 faxes:010-61626813
E-mail:mty@mutianyugreatwall.
com
The Mu farmland Yu the Great Wall is an AAAAA class tourist spot
北京长城英语导游词【2】
北京八达岭长城中英文导游词
各位游客：
Dear visitors:
大家好!欢迎大家到八达岭景区观光旅游。今天有幸陪同大家一起参观，我很高兴，望各能在八达岭度过一段美好的时光。
Everybody is good! Welcome to the badaling scenic sightseeing.
Today accompanied everybody together to visit, I am very happy, can look at badaling each have a great time.
长城是世界闻名的奇迹之一，它像一条巨龙盘踞在中国北方的辽阔的土地上。它是中国古代劳动人民血法的结晶，也是中国古代文化的象征和中华民族的骄傲。
The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world famous, it is like a giant dragon corellon in northern part of China, the vast land.
It is China that the ancient working people, also is the crystallization of bloodmage symbol of ancient Chinese culture and the Chinese national pride.
游客们，我们已经来到了著名的八达岭长城，您向远处看，可以发现这里的长城分为南、北两峰，蜿蜒于山脊之上，龙腾虎跃、气象万千，景色十分壮观。往下面看是有两个门洞和U字形的城墙缎怕谳瓮城。在瓮城墙上内外两面都有垛口墙，四面拒敌。倘若敌人攻破关门涌入城内，将受到四面守城将围歼，敌人如落瓮中。瓮城是长城的一个重要组成部分。它一般都建在地形险要的交通要道上。八达岭的瓮城也不例外。建在山脊上，受地形限制，依山就势，东低西高，东窄西宽，仅有5000平方米。瓮城内无井，水源缺乏，平常驻兵不多，守城部队驻在西北三里的岔道城。瓮城中原有一座“察院公馆”，是供皇帝路过驻跸或官员停留住宿的。瓮城两门之间相距63.
9米，西门楣题额“北门锁钥”，它的用意我在前面已经讲过。城门洞上，古进安装有巨大的双扇木门，门内安装有木顶柱和锁闩。平时，大门敞开，行人商旅自由出入;战时城门紧闭，严实坚固;一旦发出反击号令，城门洞又是千军万马发起冲锋的`出口。瓮城的东门楣题额为“居庸外填”，修建于明嘉靖十八年。在“居庸外镇”关城的城台上，原来嵌有一块石碑，为明朝万历年间刻制。从碑文可以看一带长城，先后经80多年时间才完成。这碑中还记录着修筑长城的时间、长度、主持官和管工头、烧头、窑匠头、泥瓦匠头和名字，以明确责任。站在城上向下看，我们中以看到来往不断的车辆和从门洞穿过的游人。这里不仅是古代重要的军事防御关口，而且也是交通要道。从这里南通昌平、北京，北去延庆，西北往宣化、张家口，“路从此分，四通八达”。八达岭也因此得名。
Tourists, we have come to the famous badaling Great Wall, you go to a distant view, the Great Wall can be found here into the south and north two peak, winding, single, above in ridge the diversity, scenery is very spectacular.
To see below are two doorways and U glyph walls.
WengCheng fear satin conviction In WengCheng wall inside and outside all have the crenel wall, all form a defensive ring.
If the enemy storm closed by all around the city, into ShouCheng will WeiJian, the enemy as fall urn.
WengCheng is an important part of the Great Wall.
It is generally built in terrain on the roads.
The badaling's WengCheng is no exception.
Built in ridge, by topography restrictions, the mountain west, the east low lying high, narrow west wide, the only 5000 square meters.
Within WengCheng without Wells, water shortage, which is usually not ShouCheng forces keeping troops in the northwest, sp6 fork city.
In WengCheng original a "examine courtyard mansion", is for the emperor passing the stay in or officials lodge.
WengCheng two doors XiMenMei 3.
37 meters apart TiE "northward, the key," which meant I have spoken in front.
City, the ancient into porches are installed enormous double wood door, wood door installation and lock bars spots.
At ordinary times, both doors open, pedestrians travel the freedom; Wartime gate; closed, firmly sealed strong Once given order, city and back porches exports of dashed forward an army.
The east WengCheng TiE door-post "habitat goes for the emperor jiajing fill", build the eighteen years.
"Habitat goes in the city of GuanCheng outside town", originally on embedded a stone tablet for the Ming dynasty emperor wanli of print.
From the inscription can see the Great Wall, successively by around for more than 80 years time to finish.
It also records the monuments to build Great Wall of time, length, host officer and tube foreman, burning up the potter's head, head, bricklayers head and name, to ascertain responsibility.
Standing in the city look down, we go to see in the vehicle and constantly from doorways through visitors.
Here is not only an important military defense ancient pass, but also hubs.
Nantong changping, Beijing from here, north, northwest went to yanqing xuanhua, zhang, "road since then points, extend in all directions".
The badaling also originated.
我们往右下方看，在登城口的南侧陈列着一门大炮，名为“这时威大将军”。这门炮炮身长2.
85米，口径105毫米，由于中炮身上铸有“敕赐神威大将”而得名。字最大的射程是500多米，可见当时的军工业是比较发达的。
We see, put right in below the south side of hydrocarbons with a gun, display called "then willy general".
The gun cannon 2.
85 meters length, diameter, because ZhongBao 105 mm on a "miserable molten named power linchpin" given.
Word of the largest more than 500 meters, range is an army of industry is visible when a relatively developed.
北8楼是八达岭长城海拔最高的楼，高达888.
9米，建筑也很有特色。原来还可登上敌楼观山望 景，但目前为了保护文物封了楼门。
North is the badaling Great Wall on the eighth floor of the highest altitude, as much as 888.
9 meters, building construction is also very special.
The original still can look on the watchtowers view, but at present mountain landscape for the protection of cultural relics, sealing the went.
从关城城台到南峰的最高处南4楼，城墙长685.
8米，高度上升142.
4米，特别是南3楼至南4楼之间，山脊狭窄，山势陡峭，长城逶迤400多米。城顶最险处，坡度约为70度，几乎是直上直下。南1楼和南2楼，都没有修复二层，从南3楼遗存的柱础看，原来也有铺房。
From the peak of ChengTai to south GuanCheng top south the 4th floor, walls 685.
8 meters long, altitude 142.
4 meters, especially south 3rd floor, between the 4th floor to south mountain ridges, the Great Wall, steep narrow 400 meters border.
City ZuiXian place, top slope is about 70 degrees, almost straight up and down.
South 1 floor and south 2nd floor, are not repair the second floor, the third floor remains from south spell look, original column has spread room.
南峰长城以南4楼地势最高，海拔803.
6米。登楼眺望，长城自西南向东北蜿蜓于山脊之上，宛如苍龙，宏伟壮观。使人不由得想起我国著名的长城专家罗哲文先生登临八达岭长城时咏的诗;千峰叠翠拥居庸，山北山南处处峰。锁钥北门天设险，半哉峻岭 走长龙。从南4楼到南7楼，高度逐渐下降。南5楼与南6楼之间在长城的内侧距城墙30米的山脊上，耸立着一座白色的小亭，这就是1987年6月落成的“贵州省修复长城纪念碑亭”。南6楼是一座铺房，铺房建在上层的顶上，面阔三间，硬山顶，红柱子，灰色瓦，小巧玲珑。这大概是当年“千总”的指挥所。
South peak south of great supreme, 4th floor 803.
6 meters altitude terrain.
Langdon floor, wall overlooking the southwest toward northeast wan ting in above, like black dragon, ridge spectacular.
Make the person can't help remembering the Great Wall of China famous badaling Great Wall Mr Zhen xiaojie dian experts when the poems; arias Feng in green jade hold chairman, mountain north south everywhere peaks.
The key to a risk, north days from majestic mountains go long dragon half zai.
From the south four floor to south on the 7th floor, highly down gradually.
South to the fifth floor and south 6 buildings in the inside of the Great Wall between 30 metres away from the wall of the ridge, stood a white kiosk, this is June 1987 guizhou province to the completion of the "Great Wall memorial pavilion" repair.
South 6 buildings is a shop in the upper house, the shop is at the top of the fittest, surface broadly three rooms, hard top, red pillars, grey tile, small and exquisite.
This is probably "thousands of that total" command post.
今天的长城，早已失去军事价值，而以其特有的魅力，吸引着广大中外游客，成为举世闻名的旅游胜地。随着旅游业的发展，长城这一中华民族的象征，全世界重要的文化遗产，会焕发出新的生机。以更优质的旅游服务、更优美的旅游环境迎接着大家的到来!
Today's wall, the military had lost value, but by its unique charm, which attracted broad tourists, become world-famous tourist resort.
With the development of tourism, the Great Wall is the symbol of the Chinese nation, the important cultural heritage will revitalize the.
With more quality tourism services, the more beautiful tourism environment to meet you here!
北京长城英语导游词【3】
The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal(1) in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon(2), is one of the great wonders of the world.
Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China.
The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces-Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu--and two autonomous regions--Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.
Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C.during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu.
Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C.when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges.
Walls, then, were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments.
Later in 221 B.C., when Qin conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall.
As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC--1644 BC.), which went to ruin through years of neglect.
In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall.
The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368--1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks.
it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today.
The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line.
The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.
3 meters high on average.
In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks.
The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors.
The Wall of those sections is 7.
8 meters high and 6.
5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.
8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast.
There are ramparts, embrasures, peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet walk.
Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals.
The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers.
The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven".
The view from the top is rewarding, hoverer.
The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge with distant haze.
A signal system formerly existed that served to communicate military information to the dynastic capital.
This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall.
At the approach of enemy troops, smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at night.
Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant places within a few hour long before the invention of anything like modern communications.
There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan.
Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing.
Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast.
It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here.
It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty.
(1644-1911) Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history.
Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road.
Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 B.
C-24 A.
D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions.
Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too.
The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship.
It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.
7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference.
It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one.
On each gate sits a tower facing each other.
the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each.
Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains.
The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century.
At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368).
At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls.
The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship.
such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving.
The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia.
Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages.
As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world.
The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events.
" The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world.
In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.
There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan.
Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing.
Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast.
It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here.
It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to theManchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty.
(1644-1911)
Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history.
Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road.
Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 B.
C-24 A.
D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions.
Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too.
The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship.
It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.
7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference.
It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one.
On each gate sits a tower facing each other.
the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each.
Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains.
The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century.
At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368).
At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls.
The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship.
such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving.
The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia.
Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages.
As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world.
The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world.
In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.
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